Prop, Props, and Props To

Prop, Props, and Props To Prop, Props, and Props To Prop, Props, and Props To By Maeve Maddox Facebook postings regularly instruct me in current use. An ongoing disclosure originates from this remark about a TV program called Shark Tank: Georges’ caring nature gets everyone's attention and the hearts of the judges.â It demonstrates that character can never be underestimated or underestimated†¦Props to Paul Mitchell prime supporter John Paul DeJoria for perceiving that. I knew about props as a shortening of a few diverse English words, however this utilization left me confounded. NOTE: This post is for perusers who, similar to me, have figured out how to stay oblivious of the articulation â€Å"props to† as of not long ago. It is additionally for ESL students who may not be comfortable with different employments of prop. As a matter of first importance, the word prop exists as a total word in its own right, both as a thing and as an action word. The thing started things out: prop thing: A stick, pole, shaft, stake, or pillar utilized as a transitory help or to keep something in position; in broadened use, whatever serves to help something or keep it set up. A natural product loaded plant may require a wooden prop to hold its branches off the ground. Shakespeare utilized prop in its allegorical sense in The Merchant of Venice. At the point when the character Gobbo is informed that his child is dead, the elderly person shouts, â€Å"Oh no, God prohibit! the kid was the staff of my mature age, my prop!† From the thing came the action word: prop action word: To help or shield from falling by or as though by a prop; to keep in position with a prop, or with something utilized as a prop. A cultivating site exhorts, â€Å"Learn to prop up your plants before they flop.† An opinion piece author attests, â€Å"Government ought not prop up greyhound racing.† The action word is frequently utilized with the molecule up, yet not generally: â€Å"1 Billion IMF Loan Props British Pound.† The cut structure prop is utilized to speak to various words. Suggestion With regards to political composition, a proposed law, called a suggestion, is regularly alluded to as â€Å"a Prop†: â€Å"Opponents contend that Prop 47 will put a great many hoodlums back on our boulevards without first guaranteeing they have been rehabilitated.† â€Å"Proposition betting† is a betting term. A â€Å"prop bet† is put on some possibility identified with the game yet it has nothing to do with which side successes or loses. Here are some prop wagers that were made on the Super Bowl XLIX: Will Idina Menzel overlook or discard in any event single word of the official US national hymn? What will Katy Perry be wearing when she starts the halftime appear? What shading will Bill Belichick’s hoodie be? Owner A good old approach to show the name of a retailer on a sign or business card was to go before or follow the name with the shortened form Prop. for owner: â€Å"H. W. Jones, Prop.† The condensing came to be utilized as a word to mean proprietor, as in â€Å"Who is the prop of this establishment?† Restrictive This is a Wall Street figure of speech. At the point when a merchant utilizes the firm’s own cash to exchange for monetary standards and products rather than utilizing depositors’ cash the activity is called â€Å"proprietary trading.† The term is frequently abbreviated to â€Å"prop trading† and the specialist who does it is a â€Å"prop trader.† Here’s an ongoing feature from Business Insider: â€Å"A Prop Trader Explains His Work, His Salary, And Why Everyone Is Wrong About His Profession.† Propeller The word propeller to mean a gadget for driving a machine dates from the eighteenth century, however the shortening prop for propeller dates to World War I when pilots began alluding to plane propellers as props. These days, the word is all the more as often as possible utilized attributively to depict a particular sort of plane: â€Å"Angelina Jolie is notable for her affection for avionics. What's more, the mother-of-six enjoyed her preferred leisure activity on Friday with an outing in the pilot seat of a little prop plane.† Property With regards to giving a performance, a prop is â€Å"an object utilized in a presentation. Prop and props with regards to theater gets from property and properties. A prop normally found in a presentation of Macbeth is a cauldron. By augmentation, a prop can be any sort of embellishment, as in this model from the OED: â€Å"Interspersedwere different props of a conventional Jewish homea Purim megillah.† The props in the articulation â€Å"props to† varies from these shortenings in that it telescopes an expression: appropriate regards. In the citation that acquainted me with this articulation, â€Å"Props to Paul Mitchell† implies is â€Å"Congratulations to Paul Mitchell,† or â€Å"Good for Paul Mitchell.† The utilization of props in the feeling of â€Å"due respect† shows up out of nowhere on the Ngram Viewer in 1992 and shoots upward in a vertical line on the diagram. The OED names this utilization of props as slang, â€Å"originally in African-American usage,† and gives a reference from 1990: â€Å"I was one of the main female rappers, yet Ive consistently gotten my props.†-Chicago Tribune Merriam-Webster characterizes props as â€Å"something that is said to openly thank and concentrate on somebody for accomplishing something; credit or recognition.† Despite the fact that props in the feeling of acknowledgment appears to have climbed from slang to everyday, it is as yet not viewed as standard. In time, in any case, it might supplant destroyed praise. Related posts Word Clipping Kudo versus Kudos Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:12 Types of Language50 Types of PropagandaA Certificate isn't a Degree

The concerns of Water Pollution In Africa

The worries of Water Pollution In Africa Water contamination has become a difficult issue in each nation on the planet. Urban development, environmental change, developing populace, interests in horticulture, modern turn of events, and monetary development have expanded the interest for water. Regular and artificial catastrophes have expanded contamination hazards in todays condition. Defilement of land, air and water is testing the soundness of people, plants, creatures and other living life forms. Governments overall are troubled with mounting medicinal services costs which is redirecting venture capital away from monetary improvement open part extends. The report will examine issues on water contamination issues which nations in the African mainland are confronting. Wellsprings of water contamination, water sullying impacts on wellbeing, natural harms, and techniques fundamental for diminishing or dispensing with water contamination would be examined. I. WATER SUPPLY IN AFRICA a. Water Supply and Water Demand I. Gracefully Source Rainfall Normal yearly precipitation in South Africa is recorded to be 450 mm for each year. Precipitation fluctuates between one area to another in South Africa a few districts getting overwhelming precipitation and others recording low measure of precipitation. For instance, individuals living along the beach front districts toward the west of South Africa appreciate a yearly normal precipitation of 1000 mm. In any case, areas in the north west get poor yearly precipitation at under 100 mm as revealed by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2006. Streams which are occasional in nature have water just during the blustery seasons and they stay dry most occasions consistently. The occasional waterways during blustery days produce overabundance stream of water. The administration of South Africa stores water in dams to meet the gracefully requirements for drinking, modern and farming needs consistently. South Africa is isolated into following nine auth oritative territories (12-86): (Markus Tã ¶rnqvist and Bjã ¶rn Ãâ€"fverstrã ¶m, â€Å"Drinking water flexibly in Southern Africa with a hazard appraisal perspective.†) Eastern Cape Free State Gautang Kwa Zulu Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga Northern Cape SouthwestProvince Western Cape The normal yearly precipitation differs between one region and another. Data recorded in Figure-3 shows yearly precipitation in South Africas areas as follows (12-86): (Markus Tã ¶rnqvist and Bjã ¶rn Ãâ€"fverstrã ¶m, â€Å"Drinking water gracefully in Southern Africa with a hazard evaluation perspective.†) ii. Request Source Population As per distributed information by the UNESCO in 2006, South Africas all out populace is inclined to be around 48 million. It is evaluated that 59% of the populace live in the urban network homes. Northern Cap which is the biggest authoritative territory is accounted for to more than 28 million individuals living in the zone which represents 37% of South Africas generally national populace. Because of quick monetary development and improvement, urbanization is quickly developing with an ever increasing number of individuals moving to metropolitan business places looking for employments or occupation. Relocation of individuals from rustic regions to urban areas have activated monstrous development in urban communities organizations, enterprises, foundations, common barrier, inward security, emergency clinics, and instructive establishments and so forth. Because of this there casual settlements have quickly developed in and around business focuses inside the South Africas authoritative territories. All these development and improvement have made water gracefully the executives testing. A great many occupants living in different urban communities in every one of the nine managerial regions don't have satisfactory gracefully of water. Waste and sanitation arrange are overstrained and deficient to serve the communitys need. in these networks have not access to appropriate water and sanitation framework. Individuals living in the country regions completely rely upon groundwater to satisfy or fulfill their requirements for water. In South Africa, 19% of individuals in the general populace don't approach safe water and over 33% individuals don't have the minimum essential for fundamental sanitation administrations. More than 50 million individuals in 1994 had endured pitiably with no water flexibly benefits. Individuals had no way out but to fulfill their water needs from streams, lakes, springs and lakes. Because of the concentrated and centered endeavors by the legisl ature of South Africa in asset the executives efficiencies, generally number of individuals who didn't have any water gracefully during 1994-2004 had dropped to by around 40 million (14-86). (Markus Tã ¶rnqvist and Bjã ¶rn Ãâ€"fverstrã ¶m, â€Å"Drinking water gracefully in Southern Africa with a hazard appraisal perspective.†) b. Water Pollution I. Mining Water Pollution Johannesburg which is the biggest city in South Africa is near the very edge of ecological debacle. There is no unearthing and recuperation process going on in a few mines in the region and because of this a large portion of these mines today stay shut. Tragically poisonous water which is streaming out of these mines dirty and taint both surface and groundwater. Corrosive Mine Drainage (AMD) shows entanglement of harmful water exists in the mines and when the poisonous water streams out in a stream it taints whole water assets surface water and ground water. Shut mines in Witwatersrand, South Africa extends from Roodepoort to Boksburg (1-5). (Administrator, â€Å"Sinking Solutions for Mining Water Pollution.†) Burrowing for minerals for quite a long time leave large gapping passages and gap in the mine. During the mining activity water which gathers from ground drainage are siphoned out to permit excavators to play out their assignments. Be that as it may, when digging activity is suspended for business non-practicality, water is gathered inside and tops off passages and gaps somewhere inside. These water turns out to be profoundly debased by getting blended in with overwhelming metal particles from inside the mine. Flooding poisonous mine water gets hazardous to nature and defiles waterways, lakes, lakes and springs along its stream way. Poisonous water imperils people, plants, creatures, feathered creatures, marine life and the biological system with genuine human services difficulties (1-5). (Administrator, â€Å"Sinking Solutions for Mining Water Pollution.†)

Latent Learning in Psychology and How It Works

Latent Learning in Psychology and How It Works Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Latent Learning Works According to Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 20, 2020 Klaus Vedfelt / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In psychology, latent learning refers to knowledge that only becomes clear when a person has an incentive to display it. For example, a child might learn how to complete a math problem in class, but this learning is not immediately apparent. Only when the child is offered some form of reinforcement for completing the problem does this learning reveal itself. How Latent Learning Works and Why Its Important Latent learning is important because in most cases the information we have learned is not always recognizable until the moment that we need to display it. While you might have learned how to cook a roast by watching your parents prepare dinner, this learning may not be apparent until you find yourself having to cook a meal on your own.   When we think about the learning process, we often  focus only on learning that is immediately obvious. We teach a rat to run through a maze by offering rewards for  correct responses. We train a student to raise his hand in the class by offering praise for the appropriate behaviors.   But not all learning is immediately apparent. Sometimes learning only becomes evident when we need to utilize it. According to psychologists, this hidden learning that only manifests itself when reinforcement is offered is known as latent learning. How Was Latent Learning Discovered? The term latent learning was coined by psychologist Edward Tolman during his research with rats, although the first observations of this phenomenon were made earlier by researcher Hugh Blodgett. In experiments that involved having groups of rats run a maze, rats that initially received no reward still learned the course during the non-reward trials.?? Once rewards were introduced, the rats were able to draw upon their cognitive map of the course. These observations demonstrated that learning could take place even when an organism does not display it right away. Examples   Consider, for example, your knowledge of various routes in your hometown. Every day you travel a variety of routes and learn the locations of different businesses in your town. However, this learning is latent because you are not using it most of the time. It is only when you need to find a specific location such as the nearest coffee shop or bus stop that you are required to draw on and demonstrate what you have learned. Observations   In his book History of Psychology, author David Hothersall explained that while there was initially some controversy surrounding the phenomenon, numerous researchers also reported that lab rats did learn in the absence of rewards.?? This notion challenged much of what the behaviorists believed, which was that learning could only occur with reinforcement. As a result, some of the more entrenched behaviorists suggested that there must have been some sort of reinforcement present during the non-reward trials, even if that reinforcement was not immediately obvious. Research has demonstrated that the latent learning phenomenon is, as Hothersall explained, reliable and robust. Rats placed in a maze may learn the route they need to follow to obtain a food reward, but research has also demonstrated that the rats also learn the entire maze as well. How do investigators demonstrate that this latent learning has taken place? When experimenters block the learned route, the rats will then use the next shortest path to get to the food. In order to do this, the animals learned the rest of the maze as well, even if such learning occurred without reinforcement. These findings suggest that learning occurs as we go, often by accident, but not just because of incentives and rewards.?? So how does such latent learning take place? Some experts suggest that simply satisfying our curiosity often serves to reward learning. Latent learning correlates with many higher-level mental abilities, such as problem-solving and planning for the future. If students learn something now, they may be rewarded in the future with good grades, a high GPA, and acceptance to the college of their choice. The rewards of this learning may not be apparent or immediate, but this learning may take place in anticipation of a reward later on down the road.

Earning a Masters Degree in Health Care Online 2019

Online colleges show in their academic program designs that they are very much aware of the evolving health care marketplace. As managed health care has evolved, large bureaucracies have appeared in the form of HMOs and large health care provider groups which require people with business management skills. There is also general recognition of the changing requirements in the marketplace. Management positions where a bachelors degree in health care once sufficed now require a masters in health care. In similar fashion, mid- management positions such as medical office management are often filled by people with bachelors degrees when an associates degree in health care fit the bill not long ago. Online schools stay on top of these trends and many of them have counseling services that can help you define what the educational needs are for the job you are seeking. Because of the changing job market, there are a large number of professionals in the health care industry who are going back to school. These are individuals who wish to move up the management ladder and need the degree to carry along with them. Most of these people have some college education behind them. It is in the online colleges that this sort of mid-career adjustment is accomplished most easily because the schools are geared for it. .uc84fc967cae5e557e6185fc01780e94d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uc84fc967cae5e557e6185fc01780e94d:active, .uc84fc967cae5e557e6185fc01780e94d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uc84fc967cae5e557e6185fc01780e94d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uc84fc967cae5e557e6185fc01780e94d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uc84fc967cae5e557e6185fc01780e94d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uc84fc967cae5e557e6185fc01780e94d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Why College Students FailThe goal of the online college is to get you positioned where you want to be in the job market or the professional ranks as efficiently and quickly as possible. A masters degree obtained through an online college will be completed much quicker than it would on campus and can be done during the hours of your choice. Online schools are also experts in the field of transferring college credits, in order to minimize the requirements for repetition of core courses taken long ago. The most comprehensive online masters program in health care administration might be at University of Phoenix Online. Their degrees are designed to incorporate both business essentials and modern medical trends into their courses of study. Below are University of Phoenix Onlines masters degrees in health care management: Master of Business Administration/Health Care Management Master of Health Administration Master of Science in Nursing Master of Science in Nursing Nursing/Health Care Education Master of Science in Nursing/Integrative Health Care Master of Science in Nursing/Master of Business Administration/Health Care Management Master of Science in Nursing/Master of Health Administration .u8c0ef9238feb5b1f9769a488b777b42c { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u8c0ef9238feb5b1f9769a488b777b42c:active, .u8c0ef9238feb5b1f9769a488b777b42c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u8c0ef9238feb5b1f9769a488b777b42c { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u8c0ef9238feb5b1f9769a488b777b42c .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u8c0ef9238feb5b1f9769a488b777b42c .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u8c0ef9238feb5b1f9769a488b777b42c:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Criminal Justice Associate Degree Online Excellent Opportunities for Women in CorrectionsYou can see the mix of medical and administrative skills woven into some of these degree programs. Mixing medical training and management skills is going to be a vital part of future management roles in health care, according to the U.S. epartment of Labor. Other online colleges also offer excellent curricula in health care management. Capella University has a masters degree in health care management available online. Kennedy- Western University offers both a masters and a doctorate in health administration. Specific areas for their masters degree include managed care, marketing, policy analysis, quality management and advanced financial management systemic processes. In the business of managed care, a masters in health care administration will move you into a rapidly growing job segment in a rapidly changing field. Related ArticlesOnline Degrees In Healthcare AdministrationGetting Started With a Career in BusinessAttaining a Health Care Management Masters DegreeAdvanced Degrees in Health CareOnline Colleges For Health CareGetting Your Health Care Management Education .u90ae927dec206d0043a660d49a3613c6 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u90ae927dec206d0043a660d49a3613c6:active, .u90ae927dec206d0043a660d49a3613c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u90ae927dec206d0043a660d49a3613c6 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: bac kground-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u90ae927dec206d0043a660d49a3613c6 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u90ae927dec206d0043a660d49a3613c6 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u90ae927dec206d0043a660d49a3613c6:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Oklahoma Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Oklahoma, the Sooner State

Foreign Direct Investment Vs. The United Kingdom - 1985 Words

The Turkish government has fought the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK) for the last thirty-two years. The conflict has claimed countless thousands of lives, and caused more than 300,000 to go homeless following the destruction of their villages (MandÄ ±racÄ ±, 2016). Despite these atrocities Turkey’s economy has steadily grown, though at a slower rate than otherwise would be possible. Turkey has a highly diversified economy with strong sectors including agriculture, automotive production and shipbuilding. Turkey trades with neighboring countries including the U.S. and the United Kingdom, although there is a sizeable trade imbalance. Foreign Direct Investment figures are rising. Turkey has enjoyed support from the U.S. since the 1950’s and has partnered with the US militarily most notably in Afghanistan. Turkey has strong allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the European Union (EU). Tipping the scales downwards is Turkey’s vision of itself. It s eeks to create a version of democracy marked by intolerance of Kurds. It is the most serious problem Turkey faces. On the 24th of August 2016, Turkish forces launched a limited-scale ground invasion into Syria to support the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and halt the taking of the border town of Jarabulus by Syrian Kurds. The resistance encountered was minor: ISIS fighters did little to resist likely due to technological overmatch. The majority of the fighting was reported to be against the Syrian Kurds. This incursion appeared to beShow MoreRelatedThe Last Major Overhaul Of Theu.s Tax Code1154 Words   |  5 PagesTax Reform Act of 1986. President Ronald Regan’s Treasury Department proposed a tax-neutral reform with the definitive duty of simplifying the overall code. However, the absence of any reform since then greatly reflects the United States current condition, in that â€Å"The United States provides a good example of an uncompetitive tax code† (Pomerleau Lundeen, 20 14). 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VIKAS PATEL, 1402207, NITIE Mumbai EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Developing countries needs huge investment in energy sector to achieve development goals Deployment of new clean technology can help meet two objective in energy sector: to improve access to and reliability on modern energy services and to help shift to sustainable energy development. Modern era technology has the potential to increase the availabilityRead MoreThe United Kingdom ( Uk )2707 Words   |  11 Pages1. United Kingdom Overview The United Kingdom (UK) consists of England, Wales, and Scotland, together, make up Great Britain, and Northern Ireland with the capital city being London. According to the Central Intelligence Agency, the UK has a population of 63.7 M which is ranked 23rd in comparison to the world. A majority of the population falls under the ages of 25-54 years which accounts for 41% of the total population. The type of government the UK has is a constitutional monarchy, which is aRead MoreCase Study : Global Management Perspective2019 Words   |  9 Pagescapital to give to the United States and other nations that are friendly with the United States through defense contracts. The reason that I picked this business is that its involved in many different global markets and the unusual type of business it was seemed interesting to research. After doing research I’ve found that CACI is a very successful business and it’s a very interesting not typical business. CACI International is a business that operates by getting United States contracts. CACIRead MoreIB COURSE NOTES - CHAPTER 13265 Words   |  14 Pagesbusiness? 2. What are the key concepts in international trade and investment? 3. How does international business differ from domestic business? 4. Who participates in international business? 5. Why do firms internationalize? 6. Why study international business? QUESTION †¢ International business is defined as the performance of ________ activities by firms across national borders. †¢ A) marketing and fiduciary †¢ B) trade and investment †¢ C) finance and operational †¢ D) manufacturing and sales Read MoreAustralia s Current Broadcasting Services1501 Words   |  7 Pagesclear distinction between commercial, profit driven product and non for profit, solely community invested based. Australia’s media landscape, has had well over the past century a direct concentration of ownership, compared to other countries in the developed western world such as the Unites States and the United Kingdom in which have a variety of media outlets unlike Australia in which is dominated by media moguls from the print dynasty’s, the Fairfax’s and Murdoch’s the two largest commercial mediaRead MoreHow Starbucks Enter Into the Hong Kong Market5983 Words   |  24 PagesInternational Marketing Written Report 1 Starbucks – A Coffee Kingdom How it comes to enter into the Hong Kong market? Content Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 An introduction of Starbucks .............................................................................................................. 2 History...........................................................Read MoreInternational Monetary System5852 Words   |  24 PagesINTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM MULTULATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS Meaning International Monetary System refers to the system prevailing in world foreign exchange markets through which international trade capital movements are financed exchanges rates are determined. MNCs operate in a global market, buying/selling/producing in many different countries. For example, GM sells cars in 150 countries, produces cars in 50 countries, so it has to deal with hundreds of currencies. What are the mechanicsRead MoreInternational Monetary System5858 Words   |  24 PagesINTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM MULTULATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS Meaning International Monetary System refers to the system prevailing in world foreign exchange markets through which international trade capital movements are financed exchanges rates are determined. MNCs operate in a global market, buying/selling/producing in many different countries. For example, GM sells cars in 150 countries, produces cars in 50 countries, so it has to deal with hundreds of currencies. What are the

Principles of Assessment in Lifelong Learning Free Essays

Principles of assessment in lifelong learning Task A part a The assessment process is a vital part to teaching in the lifelong learning sector. All assessment requires the collection and recording of evidence of student learning. There are many aspects to assessment which will begin from the point of the leaner completing their initial application form. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Assessment in Lifelong Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now The principles of assessment come under three different headings, Initial assessment, formative assessment and summative assessment. Each of the assessment criteria come with specific outcomes for the learner this will assure the learner is getting the best possible outcome to their learning. Looking at figure 6. 1 Gravells, A (pg112) assessment cycle as shown below The initial assessment will be the crucial part of the learning journey. This will provide the relevant information needed to decide the leaner’s starting point. It is the level from which the learner’s progress and also achievement can be calculated. As stated by Green, M. (2003) â€Å"Initial assessment needs to be done with learners rather than to them. It should be of benefit to learners and help them feel positive about themselves and their potential to learn. Initial assessment may start with establishing the learners, interests, aspirations; experience and motivation or it may be part of a â€Å"getting to know you† activity in induction. It allows you to look at the learning styles which are relevant to each learner. Whatever method you choose it needs to be flexible and should reflect the nature of the learner. From using a range of assessment methods it will enable you to summar ize the learners starting point. Whichever method is chosen, it is important that initial assessment contains some form of skill/knowledge assessment which can be validated by the tutor. The initial assessment will allow the planning for any other services which may be required to assist the learner. It is essential that all interaction which takes place with the learner on the initial interview is recorded, this is done for the protection of the learner also the tutor can refer back to any conversation which has taken place. The recording of information will make sure the learner is on the correct course at the correct level, the learner actually wants to access the course. Planning for the assessment is basically you and your learner agreeing on which type and which methods of assessment are suitable. This will vary from learner to learner as they all have different needs and also very often different learning styles. Also included in the planning assessment is setting appropriate target dates setting with both the learner this could also involve other members of staff. Assessment activity is all about how to assess the activity and what methods could be used. For example if it is a student led assessment they could be completing the requested assignment or even gathering some form competent evidence. If tutor/assessor led this could be observation, questioning or even photographic evidence. After the three initial assessments have been completed it is then time to look at the assessment decision and feedback, this enables the tutor to make the decision on whether the learner has been successful or otherwise. This is the point in which the tutor/assessor is able to give constructive feedback to the learner stating if any further actions are required. Reviewing the progress means that any assessment plan can be review and altered at any one time to meet the learners required needs at the time, or upon completion of either the programme or the course. The review process enables you as the tutor to sit with your learner and give the opportunity you both time to discuss any relevant issues you may feel will aid in their learning. By reviewing the assessment activities which you use this will give you an opportunity to amend any if necessary. The formative assessment is the second strand of the assessment process. â€Å"formative assessments are ongoing practices that help both the teacher and student evaluate and reflect on how they are both doing, and what changes either or both might need to make to become a more effective teacher and learner. Larry Ferlazzo (no date) Assessment for learning is also known as formative assessment. Assessment for learning is the process of seeking and interpreting evidence in use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go, and how best to get there. Since the goal of formative assessment is to gain an understanding of what students know (and don’t know) in order to make responsive changes in teaching and learning. Techniques such as teacher observation and classroom discussion have an important place alongside analysis of tests and homework. Much of what tutors and learners do in the classroom can be described as assessment for learning. (Black and Wiliam, 1998) says â€Å"Assessment for learning can be defined as ‘all those activities undertaken by teachers and/or by their students, which provide information to be used as feedback to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged’ Formative assessment should occur regularly throughout the instructional process and, According to the National Center for Fair and Open Testing (NCFOT) (1999), Careful documentation can allow formative assessments to be used for summative purposes. The manner in which summative assessments are reported helps determine whether they can be easily translated for formative purposes–especially by the student, teacher, and parent. (Ainsworth Viegut, 2006) state â€Å"By varying the type of assessment you use over the course of the week, you can get a more accurate picture of what students know and understand, obtaining a â€Å"multiple-measure assessment ‘window’ into student understanding† Some examples of a formative assessment could be: * Asking questions * observations * self assessments * quizzes (sometimes) * learner record keeping Thomas R. Guskey suggests â€Å"that for assessments to become an integral part of the instructional process, teachers need to change their approach in three important ways. They must â€Å"1) use assessments as sources of information for both students and teachers, 2) follow assessments with high-quality corrective instruction, and 3) give students second chances to demonstrate success† (2007). Assessment of learning is also known as summative assessment, assessments used to sum up a learners achievement. Summative assessment can be carried out as particular stages of the course or learning rogramme are completed, or at the end, whichever seems appropriate. Where achievement is recorded on an on-going basis, summative assessment may mean bringing all the evidence together, rather than carrying out an additional set of assessment activities. This means that all the requirements stipulated by the examining body are all collated and correct. Assignments to be marked and graded appropriately, making sure the work is that of the learners and no one else’s. . Examples of summative assessment can be a written examination. Reliability is essential as they are used numerically to classify learners and compare them to each other. Traditional unit tests (multiple choice, true/false and sort answer questions) are poor summative assessments as they rarely require the application of skills and concepts or the demonstration of understandings rather than a mere reporting of information. The best summative assessments often incorporate the essential question(s) that have focused the unit, requiring students to answer one or more of the essential questions drawing upon ideas from personal experience, from the texts studied, and from new text(s) encountered as a part of the assessment. Assessment methods Within my area of childcare/sexual health I use many varied types of assessment. The assessment criteria I use are based on the level of the learner and the suitability to the specific unit within the assignment. By using various methods of assessment I get a clearer picture of what went well with both tutor and learner and what was not so good so improvements can be made. Use accurate assessment to effectively plan to ensure all groups of students are suitably challenged and supported. Use a variety of strategies (ASL) to ensure students know where they are and what they need to do to improve in relation to their target grades. These must include: * Skilful Questioning and other forms of oral feedback (relating to lesson objectives) which gauge and probe student understanding, as well as re-shaping of explanations and tasks. * Frequent written feedback (Marking), which follows Strengths, Attitude to learning, Level and Target (SALT) and where targets set are detailed enough that students can make progress. * Peer and/or self-assessment Photographic assessment Photographic assessments are used usually with another form of assessment, observation or verbal. Photographic assessment allows the learner to do practical activities and have a photographic record of their achievements these can then be placed either into a book or a file and annotated by the learner which will explain the type of activity which had taken place. If this is done on a regular basis with activities at different levels the learner can see the progress which has been made. If and when using photographic evidence it should always be signed and authenticated by both the learner and the tutor. Is it valid? Yes as the photographic evidence will show as long as the photograph is annotated, dated and signed by a tutor/teacher. If the evidence is not current i. e. the picture taken six months before the criteria may have changed so photographic evidence may not be required or be insufficient for the amount of work needing to be produced. As with positives there are also some negative points with this kind of assessment. * Some learners may not give permission to be photographed * It may mean learners are absent purposely to avoid taking part in the lesson. * You need to make sure all the equipment works and you have all your resources to hand. Verbal Questioning This is an excellent way to find out if the learner has understood the task which has been set for them. You can use the lesson objective in this case to keep referring back to. The questioning can be either informal or formal. You could state you are going to recap the lesson, stating you will be asking each learner a question at the end. This method is used quite a lot as it continually assess the learner knowledge. Giving the students positive feedback throughout telling them no answer is wrong getting them to expand on the answer they have just given. Demonstrations can be done with this method as you could demonstrate the subject at hand, asking questions continually and the students responding accordingly. * The down side is often learners are worried they will give the wrong answer. * They may feel embarrassed taking in front of others Observation Observational assessment is the perfect way to observe the students as they work on a specific project. This promotes independent learning; gaining more than one view point also the learning is timed and controlled. This enables the teacher to roam around the classroom, occasionally offering guidance and encouragement as the students work. Whist walking around the classroom the teacher is able to take notes on how students are performing and also whether or not modifications need to be made to the assignment. The observation works well when the teacher wishes to monitor how students work together in groups or individually. The observational process is also a useful to monitor behavior within the session. This is turn enables the teacher to move the learner(s) if necessary. * Students may not participate in the session as they feel they don’t have the relevant information to give. May not get a true reflection of the outcome as some learners may come out with untruths. Portfolios Many aspects of the portfolio and the portfolio process provided assessment opportunities that contributed to improved work through feedback, conversations about content and quality, and other assessment relevant discussions. The collection also served to demonstrate progress and inform and support summative evaluations. The relationship between assessment and instruction requires re-examination so that information gathered from learner discussions can be used for instructional purposes. The disadvantages of this could be * Time consuming for staff marking them * Difficult to ensure reliability between staff * Can encourage cheating re ownership of work It is important that all learners being assessed by this means must have a shared understanding of the level expected of their work. It is good practice to show learners relevant examples and suggest a proposed format, including suggesting a physical size, as this will help your back! If the nature of the evidence needed from students is transparent, this can aid the marking and go towards reliability between staff. Also preparing a marking proforma for all staff should help. As portfolio building is usually time consuming, offer interim assessment opportunities so that learners can receive advice on whether the evidence they are assembling is appropriate. Consider assessing the portfolios as a team, with each giving comments on a feedback sheet which could also have positives on the portfolio as this aids feedback for learners. Self-Assessment/Peer Assessment Learners can only achieve a learning goal if they understand that goal, and can assess what they need to do to reach it. The ability to assess one’s own work is essential in acquiring that understanding. Peer assessment is also valuable because the interchange will be in a language that learners themselves would use, also because learning is enhanced when leaners themselves tak on the roles of teachers and examiners of others. Self-assessment and peer assessment is used to log the progress. This can be done by mind mapping in different colours. First colour what they know, second colour some of the information you have imparted, third colour all the information and what their peers know. This could be done on several different occasions to assess the progress which has been made, also to identify any areas of improvement, show the strengths of the learner. Below is a chart which I use and can be altered to allow for differentiation and levelling. The peer assessment could be a quiz which they complete they exchange papers to mark each other’s. This can give a sense of ownership to the student. In conclusion I feel that assessment is a necessary part of the learning process for both learner and tutors alike. It enables tutors and educational establishments to keep up to date records of the progress of each learner. Ofsted or any other government expectorate will able to see regular progress, marking from the members of staff and also positive comments with identifiable areas of any improvement required. Task B The assessment process is an on-going process to which all learners should be involved in. One of the main objectives to assessment is to enable all learners to take part at their own level. The need for inclusivity is paramount when doing assessment to enable each learner to be assessed at their own level. If necessary other services may need to be involved i. English as an additional Language (EAL) this will need liaison with each subject leader and the co-ordinator for EAL. This will then look at the specific needs of the learner, ensure that assessment practice conforms with equality of opportunity, and monitor the performance of EAL and ethnic minority students, setting them relevant challenging targets, and finally analyse and interpret the performance of EAL and ethnic minority stu dents at the end of key stages. Whichever assessment method I have chosen it needs to address the intended curriculum outcomes and also the continuum of learning that is required to reach the outcomes. As I am assessing the learners they need to understand clearly what they are trying to learn, and what is expected of them. In turn they are given feedback I give them around the quality of their work and what in turn they can do to improve it. The advice they are given from me the tutor will go to making the necessary improvements. During this time they learners are fully involved in deciding what needs to be done next, and the relevant people who can give them help if required. How to cite Principles of Assessment in Lifelong Learning, Essay examples

Difference Between Oratorio, Cantata and Opera free essay sample

Although Intended for very different uses and circumstances of performance, all three genres contained musical commodities. Not surprisingly, the three genres would share similarities given the restricted number of available forms. On a superficial level, the three genres could be said to defer in delivery and intent rather than in musical content. All three genres featured recitative, solo and duet arias, choral movements, many of the same forms, and even dance elements.The opera Is based upon one of the variants of the timeless story of love and loss and Involves staging. The oratorio is also based upon a story, but a sacred one with Biblical origins rather than a secular one. Oratorio is not staged and is not used as part of worship. A significant feature is the use of the chorus as narrator. The cantata addresses a religious topic, but it is not narrative. Rather it is a collection of commentary set to music, and the cantata is used In worship. In the religious music orb, the work methods of the two most Important composers, G.F. Handel and J. S. Bach differed extensively. As early as the middle of the seventeenth century, the aria had planted the recitative as the most important musical component of the opera. This hierarchy remained intact throughout the Baroque period. The earlier forms of the aria, including strophic, station, and dance, continued to be used, but in the late seventeenth century a new alternative emerged. The new form was the dad capo aria, and it earned Its name from Its appearance In the written score.The dad capo aria follows the scheme ABA, and the words dad capo, written at the end of section B indicated that the musicians should return to the beginning of section A and saved he scribe/publisher the time and effort to rewrite the section. A major figure in the development of the new aria form was Alexandra Scarlatti (1660-1725), the father of Domenici Scarlatti and an important figure in the adaptation of the Baroque binary dance form into the later sonata allegro form. Scarlatti contribution to the development of the dad capo aria was his recognition of its dramatic possibilities.Section B could be used to present very different and contrasting emotions that were bolstered by very different and contrasting music. Recitative also took on a new hereafter, with greater use of arioso making it more melodic and dramatic (in a musical sense) and less declamatory. Arioso demonstrated a blurring of lines between aria and recitative. All aria continued to be a vehicle for the ever- entertaining virtuoso singing, regardless of the genre in which It was Embedded. As noted, more than a single tradition or musical element were often combined In later exemplifies this melding. The aria is based on an station, but the music that the character of Dido sings above the station is actually in a modified strophic form BABE! The best know examples today of oratorio are those of G. F. Handel. Handel arrived at the realization of the commercial possibilities of the genre only after changes in the musical taste of the English public had turned against Italian opera. The average Englishman did not speak Italian and did not particularly care to listen for extended periods to music in language he did not understand.The Beggars Opera, little more than a lowbrow collection of popular songs and crude parodies on opera arias and there dramatic airs, drove the last nail into the coffin of Italian opera in England and drove Handel to bankruptcy. Handels discovery of oratorio was quite accidental and came in the form of a commission from Dublin. His appreciation of its possibilities was immediate, and the die was cast that he would devote the rest of his creative life to composing in the genre. Handels libretti were drawn literally from the Bible, though the verses he used were not necessarily consecutive ones.His musical style in the oratorios is a reversion to the high Baroque idiom, and in oratorio he abandoned the fashionable new stile gallant touches he used in in his last operas in hopes of saving them from financial failure. His choral style resonates with fugal writing, but this too is affected by older traditions. His fugues are not the mathematic ones that German organ composers wrote to fill the time before the worship service. Instead the subjects could change as the work unfolded or the imitative texture could be abandoned altogether.The music was controlled by the dramatic needs, not requirements of musical form, and, in this respect Handels choral fugues show a direct and strong linkage to both Grand Concerto and madrigal! Another madrigal element is Handels use of music to set mood or depict events. In adrenal, tone painting was a rather local and sometimes puerile device; in Handel, musical depiction occurs on a grand and almost profound scale. Handels oratorios also approach recitative differently than opera and cantata. Recitative is often assigned to the chorus, not a soloist.Arias, which are not nearly as frequent in Handels oratorios as they are in contemporary opera or even cantata, retain all the features of contemporary opera. They are quite beautiful, but they are also presented as both musical relief for the listener and as the opportunity for the singer to make grand display of his talents. The German cantata actually offered a happy accommodation to both the Pieties and Orthodox factions of the Lutheran Church. Introduced by Redrawn Minister in 1700, the cantata was explanatory and meditative poetry on Biblical passages that were sung to music. This poetry offered a satisfactory balance of the objective and subjective and the formal and emotional. Early cantata incorporated all the great musical traditions to their time including the Lutheran chorale, the solo song, the concerted style, and added to these the dramatic possibilities of operatic recitative and aria. The cantata, then, does not tell a story nor s its text drawn literally from Biblical sources. Rather, each movement reflects upon some aspect of the religious sentiment or holiday at hand. Bach composed no fewer than five complete cycles of cantatas, of which three complete cycles and part of a fourth survive.The majority were composed at Leipzig, where he was cantor. Although the works follow a variety of formats, several components are retained in all single Lutheran chorale. Although the chorale melody usually serves as the superstructure for more than one movement, new texts are often used in place of the one originally failed to the chorale. Other cantatas use more than one chorale melody, and yet other cantatas exist in which only the chorale text and not the melody appear in the work, the chorale melody appears only in the presentation of the chorale as the last movement, or neither the melody nor the text are incorporated.Bachs development of the chorale melody in cantatas that retain the chorale melody can vary. The most common application of the melody mirrors another contemporary Lutheran organ-music genre, the chorale prelude. Here the melody is presented in an internal voice but pushed to the fore by the use of organ stops that imbue it with a distinct timbre. Around the chorale melody Bach constructs a polyphonic but not imitative texture that actually could exist as its own, free-standing composition.The chorale prelude procedures are carrie d into at least one of the movements of the cantata. This use of the chorale melody does not differ n concept from the scants firms technique used in Catholic music from the ninth century to the advent of pervasive imitation in the late fifteenth century. Moreover, the conceptual equivalent is also found in the Baroque period as the station, though the station is invariably constructed for its melodic value and the possibilities of placement of the upper voices. It is also kept short in length.A second procedure of note is found in the architecture of the first movement of Nine Fester Burg (no. 80). Here Bach creates a motet, using the full orchestra and the chorus. As in the motet, each line of the chorale is developed fugal. Bach goes one step furtherthe chorale melody also appears in the high trumpet as a scants firms! The blatant use of older compositional techniques is likely deliberate. Nine fester burg was a battle hymns, and Bachs desire to imbue it with even greater power could have meant borrowing authority from the older institution of the Catholic Church.

6 Root Steps to Easily Craft a Comparison and Contrast Essay

We often draw an analogy of different subjects in our lives but very rarely do it in a written form. One might say, the university and college are the only places where you share such opinion on the paper. The compare and contrast essay is the common kind of academic assignments with its unique peculiarities. Even if you are great with the spot comparisons, learn more about essays structure and requirements before set to writing. What is Comparison and Contrast Essay? Comparison and contrast essay may be an independent task or just a part of more large paper. For example, thesis often includes many paragraphs with such elements. An appropriate definition of this kind of paper: It is the essay in which the student reveals the similarities and differences between two or more things and reinforces his or her findings by arguments. Professors frequently ask students to compare both abstract notions (such theories, methods or historical periods) and specific things (book characters, personalities, countries, etc.). There are few guidelines to follow during crafting this type of articles. 1. Develop an Argument for the Paper Before you start a writing process, you brainstorm your topic and find some outstanding characteristics of two objects. Those things have to be contrasting enough to be compared. The title of your future essay may sound like Apple vs. Microsoft or Differences and similarities in ancient Greek and ancient Egyptian myth. You should explain why it is interesting to reflect on these particular objects and pick strong arguments. In the essay, you may prove why Apple, in your opinion, is better than Microsoft. Or, tell how the contrasts of various ancient myths determined the future of each civilization. In practice, do not forget to write down the features you found meaningful on the paper. Every thought can be important, so note everything that comes to mind and move on to the next step. 2. Create the Compare and Contrast Essay Structure The standard template for all essays is a basic scheme Introduction Main Body Conclusion. In the introduction, you form a thesis of your essay and present the subject of a further discussion to your audience. This part must be compelling enough to motivate people to read the main body. Therefore, you need to create a hook at the beginning of your article. This can be: interesting fact, personal experience, joke or anecdote, provoking question, bold claim. Even though the main body usually consists of 3 paragraphs, in some cases you may write more. Here you provide the arguments chosen before and complete a bulk of comparing job. At the end of the research, you conclude all the arguments and repeat your thesis. One paragraph is enough for this part, it shouldnt be voluminous. 3. Consider the Essentials of Compare and Contrast Essay Format Whereas it is everything clear about introduction and conclusion, the main body in those papers may be organized using three methods: âÅ"  Topic by topic You start with describing one object and allocate its distinguishing points in the beginning. After that, you turn to the second thing and write down everything you know about it in the last paragraphs. This layout is considered to be smooth and understandable. However, it looks more like a list of points than the comparison. It is the most noticeable shortcoming of this setup. âÅ"  Point by point The main purpose of this method is an evaluation criterion. For instance, you can assess Microsoft and Apple by innovations, cost of their software or the popularity of key products. Dwelling upon each point, you are gradually revealing the features of both objects at the same time. âÅ"  Common and different separately Here you organize your essay in the format start with the comparison, end with contrast. The order may be reversed if you want to emphasize the common features instead of differences. 4. Outline the Paper Outlining is 50% of success. If a student does not find it important and disregards this process, he or she spends much more time on writing. Once you create the outline, the paper will compose itself alone. There are various useful techniques family tree, rough draft, schemes, and tables. Outlines mean planning the structure, sketching the approximate variant of essay and organizing of main points in a particular order the actions which make writing more simple. 5. Verify the Essay using Samples If you are not sure whether your essay complies with general requirements, check the examples on the web or ask your professor to provide you with them. It also depends on the university: rules for articles may vary in each. Seek for a sample on the reputable website you can trust. A ready essay is also a great option which will explain to you how to write a good paper on practice. 6. Use Graphical Elements The information is being better absorbed in visual form. Dilute the text with images, graphics, tables, diagrams and other elements. However, it is possible only if you type the assignment on your PC. On the lesson you should present the information in an interesting way without any pictures, so structure, hooks, and indisputable points are your best friends. Picture source Bonus Tips: How to Write Comparison and Contrast Essay Quickly Dont skip planning. Allocate at least 10 minutes on it. Use brainstorming techniques to come up with decent ideas faster. Always outline. Write the main body first. Students often stumble upon the introduction and dont know how to start. To avoid such a delay develop the arguments before first and the last parts of the paper. Give the result to your friend for revision. He or she will assess your essay with a fresh pair of eyes and find the mistakes quicker than you. If you cant cope with your assignment urgently or dont have much time on it, ask for assistance in a writing service. Experienced authors will provide you with a sample paper on your topic and may write assignments for you.

DQ2 Example

DQ2_05 Example DQ2_05 – Coursework Example QD2_05: Intergovernmental Relationships QD2_05 Currently, the public health sector stands amidst various uncertainties which must bediligently tackled to ensure continued success in the sector. Notably, the sector has various pillars including the public body and governmental entities; both federal and national. Such pillars must exist in harmonious systems in which a collaborative approach to public health issues is promoted (Scutchfield adoption of frameworks that can be relied upon to deliver social justice to the patients and clients of the public health sector. In this regard, it is evident that social justice in public health is attainable through collaborative efforts among different governmental agencies. Such collaborative approaches must be able to eliminate selective justice which has often prevailed in healthcare systems. Indeed, successful adoption of comprehensive all-inclusive healthcare policies can only be possible if all stakeholders to the sector are able to come together in pursuit of a common goal (Magnussen, Ehiri & Jolly, 2004). However, politicization of various policies aimed at enhancing patient safety, and successful adoption of various policies can have negative impacts on the public health sector as noted by Bauer (2004). However, there is need for guidance and positive political involvement in the policy-making process to promote successful adoption of policies. ReferencesAwofeso, N. (2004). What’s new about the â€Å"new public health†?.  Journal Information,  94(5). Canadian Healthcare Manager. (2004). Patients vs Politics Gabrielle Bauer. Canadian Healthcare Manager. Toronto. Vol 11. Iss. (3), 42. Magnussen, L., Ehiri, J., & Jolly, P. (2004). Comprehensive versus selective primary health care: lessons for global health policy.  Health affairs,  23(3), 167-176.Morales, L. S., Rogowski, J., Freedman, V. A., Wickstrom, S. L., Adams, J. L., & Escarce, J. J. (2004). Use of preventive services by men enrolled in Medicare+ Choice plans.  American journal of public health,  94(5), 796-802.Scutchfield, F. D. & Keck, C.W. (2003). Principles of public health practices (2nd. ed.) New York: Thomson Delmar Learning. Chs 6-8, 75-138.

International Operations Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Operations - Dissertation Example Extensive and efficient infrastructure is critical for ensuring the effective functioning of the economy as it is an important factor determining the location of economic activity and the kinds of activities or sectors that can develop in a particular economy. Singapore, though being a small nation has a good GDP and per capita income as compared to United States and this coupled with good spending habits of consumer provides good market for Brummie Screen Inc. Introduction Globalization implies emergence of a borderless, hurdleless, competitive economy in which survival of the fittest is the order. International operations management in such an environment aims at managing the diverse operations globally in such a way as to achieve overall optimum results consistent with the objectives and strategies of the firm (Cherunilam, 2007:33). Most of the countries are developing relations to create market for their businesses whereas the developing countries are allowing the foreign compani es to invest in their market so as to create employment as well develop the economy. Several studies of international business have indicated that internationalization of the firms is a process in which the firms gradually increase their international involvement that influences the pattern and pace of internationalization of firms (Johanson and Vahlne, 1997:23). Internationalization of business is important in order to create a market for the product or to utilize the market demand of a product which is increasing by establishing an operation plant in other country. However, according to Hymer (1960:5) businesses go for internationalization because the firms control enterprises in many countries in order to remove competitor between them when the enterprises sell in the same market or sell to each other under conditions of imperfect competition. The world and its customers are changing constantly creating markets for world class organization to meet these changes and to compete suc cessfully by transforming themselves into a global operation, with multiple production facilities in multiple countries to service international consumers (Schniederjans, 1998:3). Firms undertake operations in a foreign country in order to appropriate fully the returns to certain abilities which they possess. Firms, before entering into the alien land, formulate and devise an effective strategy to analyze the market situation, competitors, political situation, economic development, available resources and capabilities, etc. so as to start successful operations in the country. Similarly, present paper analyzes the above factor for Brummie Screens Inc. as the management of the firm proposes to establish its plant in Singapore or in the United States to procure the market for Tablet PCs â€Å"BrightWy†. Anyhow it is important to mention that despite all the differences among regions within countries, the diversity between nations is small when compared to the differences among n ations. Therefore, to successfully conduct business abroad, companies must often adopt practices other than what they are accustomed to domestically (Katsioloudes and Hadjidkis, 2007:3). Brummie Screens Inc. – Introduction Brummie Screens Inc. is one of the world’s major manufacturers of screens for laptop computers, PC monitors and other large devices.

Critical issues in psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical issues in psychology - Essay Example Given the complexity of gender formations and roles, it is very common to develop gender dysphoria (Crooks and Baur 2008, p.62). Those with a prolonged, extreme degree of transgenderism are known as transsexuals. Transgenderism differs from one’s sexual identity because the former is linked with the psychological coefficients of how one views or is viewed one’s gender roles (Bockting and Goldberg 2007, p.83). Varying degrees of interpretations and connotations are normally associated with how transgendered people are seen in societies. Cultural aspects too play a pivotal role in acknowledging individual and social roles for persons with gender dysphoria (Samovar et al. 2009, p.158). Before further probing into the topic some basic ideas need to be defined. Sex is defined as the biological status of a person like male or female which can be determined by visual inspection during birth. Gender refers to the social status of any person or rather social manifestation of a person’s sex, such as womanhood or manhood (Kendall 2008, p.322). Transgender can be of three types: transgender female persons – those who have female physical attributes but think of themselves as men either partially, or fully; gender crossing females – those who reassign their genders so as to live part or full-time as men; and female-to-male (FTM) transsexed – those who were born females sexually but identity themselves as men and live as men do, but have not fully achieved socially recognizable manhood. Sexual orientation means a form of romantic, emotional and sexual attractions to men, women, both or neither. A transvestite is one who cross-dresses. Nowadays the term "transvestite" and "cross-dresser" are used synonymously (Valentine 2007, p.263). The exact basis of gender dysphoria is unknown, and there are many debatable possible causes. Sadock et al. argue that gender identity disorders can be

Neoliberalism Ideology Of Privatisation

Neoliberalism Ideology Of Privatisation In favour of Globalisation, the Neoliberals suggest that the privatisation and trans-nationalisation of capital is desirable and inevitable from a socio economic development. 1.0 Introduction One of the main outcomes of neo-liberalism in IPE (International political Economy) in economic reforms is Privatisation. To develop my argument, I will look at the arguments of neo-liberalism in favour of privatisation and trans-nationalisation of capital through globalisation. The idea of globalisation has grown to be one of the generally effective in socio economic development as well as raises the global cross boarder in term of social, economic and cultural. To day the terms World economy, world market and globalisation are commonplace, appearing in the sound bites of politicians (Dunn: 188). The debate of the above three vectors relate with economic competition and privatisation try to increase world interdependent and become desirable and inevitable process. Afterwards globalisation is rising attractive a controversial subject whether it can really be important in socio economic development and improve human welfare. A number of scholars in this part come across not so convincingly to provide or even concur that relation between globalisation and privatisation in terms of free competition and free trade (worldwide capital mobility) lead to economic effectiveness, welfare and democracy. To my understanding, globalisation is an important but not adequate circumstance to hasten socio economic. PURPOSE. The foundation of this essay is to essentially examine how aspects of globalisation with privatisation and trans-nationalisation of capital are either important desirable in socio economic improvement. The essay will begin by introducing the concepts of globalisation and will explain Neoliberals perspective on globalisation and its effects on socio economic using different readings, lectures, Journals and my individual observation concerning to the issue. The primary part of this essay will demonstrate the neoliberal arguments in favour of privatisation and trans-nationalisation of capital and its contribution of economic o the process of accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction. Secondly, it will examine some view and criticism and or challenges associated from other perspectives for concerning arguments. Finally, I will draw a conclusion based on review findings. 1.2 CONCEPTS. The idea of globalisation is global change relate with connections of social, cultural, economic and political between actors across the globe. (Robinson: 1999). According to Todaro, globalisation is increasing integrations of national economies into expanding international markets. The above information explains that the process of globalisation try to make a global single set. Indeed Gill accepts that globalisation is part of broad process of restructuring of state and civil society and political economy culture. He emphasizes that It is ideology largely consistent with the world view and political priorities of large- scale internationally mobile forms of capital. Mobility of resources is very crucial in development, investment and services for increasing internationally interconnection and commonly world economy. The OECD1 handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators explained that the term globalisation has been widely used to describe the increasing internationalisation of fin ancial market and of markets for goods and services. In this regards the integrations of capital labour and financial services is very important for economic inter-reliance. The Concept of neo-liberalism is a set of economic policies that have become widespread during the last two decade. Martinez 1996. Indeed (Cerny, 2008), explained that, during 1980s neo-liberalism was related with International Relation while 1990s focus on economic and liberalisation in International Political Economy. Thorsen agrees that is used to describe a range of policies and an economic philosophy that stress international free trade, economic liberalism or capitalism and the promotion of such through deregulation privatisation and liberalisation of nation economies. He highlights that, the term neo liberalism also used to imply that is a new form of economic liberalism more commonly known as capitalism but on global scale. In this logic the neoliberals relate with open of trans-nationalisation of capital and liberation of enterprises and state linking the appearance of market civilisation. Mean while, (Gill1995) agrees that neoliberal macroeconomic policies, aligned to the ideology of the competition state, hence the competition through the privatisation is more essential and enhance global interconnection on socio economic growth. According to sheikh (2004) neoliberals dominants modern globalisation. Its practices are justified by asset of theoretical claim rooted in standard economic theory. Market is represented as optimal and self regulating social structure. It is claimed that if market must be allowed to function with out restraint. Therefore, neoliberals believe that the role of government is to provide public service and markets will adjustment naturally. Neo-liberalism perspective with globalisation reflects on international competitiveness, the policy might engage in recreation of a role in improving international economy. Hirst (2009) at el accepts that, to neo-liberalism international competitiveness as the characteristic modality of international economic governance. It involves political compromise including diplomatic bargaining between countries to establish compromises on trade policy as exemplified by the GATT mechanism. A long with this for neo-liberalism emphasis on the political bargaining is very significant the exercise of international market entrance. 2. Privatisation and Trans-nationalisation of Capital. Before the description and explanation of the neo-liberalism arguments in favour of privatisation. I will describe in short the meaning of privatisation In generally. According to Todaro 2009 the privatisation of state owned enterprises in the production and financial sectors, hinges on orthodox hypothesis that private ownership brings greater efficiency and more rapid growth In addition he emphasise that privatisation improves efficiency, increase outputs and lower costs to reduce public internal and external debt, and promotes individuals initiatives while rewarding entrepreneurship. In this regards states by implementing this policy leads to improve growth and increase in the rational choice for consumer and socio economic level. Martinez (1996) agrees that privatisation sell state-owned enterprises, goods and services to private investors. This includes banks, key industries, railroads, toll highways, electricity, schools, hospitals and even fresh water. Although usually done in the name of greater efficiency, which is often needed, privatization has mainly had the effect of concentrating wealth even more in a few hands and making the public pay even more for its needs. In general privatisation is very crucial on world economy yet it is increasingly becoming a debated issue whether it can improve the economy or make it is worse situation especially in developing Countries. Related with trans-nationalisation of capital is a kind of recent capitalism connected with hegemonic tool for analysis of transitional economy. Capital transnationalisation can be transferred through different type in terms of and goods and service capital, financial capital, and productive capital. Bina (1991) agrees that there are three ways of trans-nationalisation in world economy (i) Concentration and centralisation of capital both in manufacturing (industrial capital) and financial capital. (ii) The formation of finance capital and further development of credits system for expanded reproduction and the consequent internationalisation of all circuits of capital and globalisation and production through the medium of transnational cooperation (TNCs). However economic labour movement and financial flow become considerable society in the age of globalisation. Labour is directly related to the reason of advanced capitalism. This requires an inspection of requirements of the politica l economy of today trans-nationalisation. Cerny 2008 argue that for neo-liberalism contemporary politics entails both a process of choosing between version of neo-liberalism, and the attempt to innovate creativity within the new neoliberal playing field including open trade capital flows embedded financial orthodoxy, the regulatory state, privatisation and hybrid forms of governance are the bottom line of neo-liberalism. In theory, it offers prediction of amendment of political institutions increase of economic globalisation. The argument of neo-liberalism paradigm base on free market and privatisation has encouraging effects in social impartiality. Moreover they believe in freedom of movement for capital commodities, it advocates the opportunity of economies and competition in the world market in situation of complete freedom. Hirst agrees that economic performance measures through competitiveness. Idea of competitiveness relate with comparative advantages that is different countries lead each country will capable to acquire other product at al lower resources cost less hours. Moreover, Makwana (2006) agrees that neoliberals claims that privatized services are more capable than those run by state. They consider that market competition and collaborate effectiveness can drive prices drive prices down for consumers. Furthermore, the eventual goal of neoliberal economic globalisation to eliminate of all barriers to trade and the privatisation of all accessible resources and service. In addition, Cerny 2008. state that, neo-liberalism focus on relatively dogmatic, enforced laissez-faire doctrine, it involves first of all an acceptance that we live in multilevel, more open and market like globalisation world in which informal and negotiated policy process prevails for neoliberals open market and globalisation is very significant for neoliberal market civilisation (Gill 1995) which is linking social well being on broad around the world economy system. Another explanation from (Cerny: 2008) reiterates that, neoliberals public policies, whether at national, regional or international level do not merely constrains but also bring opportunities. In theory, through Structural Adjustment policies allows poor to possess and be accountable for recovering their lives changes themselves relatively than the system. As I mentioned earlier that, transformation of capital may occur in term of manufacturing and financial aspects there is empirical evidence that some of countries benefited with privatisation policy. (Calva: 2003) accepts that, in Costa Rica four company privatise and reported that increasing 9 percentages of GDP in 1998.this means that shares of GDP reduce deficit in GDP. Another evidence which (Calva 2003) provided that increase of production in industrial sector, he highlighted that Russian and Mexico is among of countries achieved in by privatisation. The above example provided, demonstrate for neoliberals ideology of privatisation had positive aspects in economic sector. Different with neoliberals perspectives, realist theories highlighted that competitiveness and privatisation is not a solution for social well being on broad around the world. Bayliss (2005) agreed that, in developing countries, privatisation, in common with the wider neo-liberal policy agenda, has failed to meet expectations. Privatisation efforts have been undermined by various factors, including weak political commitment, poor investor supply response and institutional challenges. He emphasis that since the late 1990s, the language of privatisation has softened (as, for example, private sector participation has replaced privatisation). In additional to that, realism scholars argues that globalisation has not succeeded to promote market economy in world market. It gears an inequality of market between North and South. Stiglitz agrees there is disproportionate share of benefits, at the expense of the developing worlds. Therefore a consequence of this situation consequence was some poorest countries in the world turn into worse off. Private investment sector is useful in socio economic especially for countries that lacks of capital, including piece of equipments and expertise. Stiglitz (2006:) accepts that, for privatisation policy of world economy to meet the demand for their skill labour increase, and wages of unskilled labour become higher he emphasized that if labour moves from a country where productivity and wages are low to one where they are high, the increase in out put can be enormous and worlds economy grows. The Marxist perspectives, argues that privatisation is related with capital accumulation. Dunn 2006 agrees that private capitalist accumulate capital by making investment decisions within logic of profit maximization. He emphasizes that privatisation in capitalist counties dont directly interfere in investments decisions or in the market, but rather provide legitimation and order, using its power primary to guarantee external defense and internal peace consistence with the institutions of private property, therefore they emphasizes that globalisation serves an interest maximisation of profit inter of capital trans-nationalisation and intercontinental trade other than ideology. For Marxist discipline, globalisation relates with expansion of capital accumulation and should be profitable the working class Hossein (2005) agrees that for many Marxist in recent decades, capitalism is key its nature a globally expanding system geared to accumulation on a world scale. To some extent Marxist believe that ideology of competition between capitalist countries facilitate currently instability for the world capitalist economy. 3.0: Critics of Globalisation, Privatisation and trans-nationalisation. This paper has assessed the privatisation and trans-nationalisation idea of neoliberals facilitate socio economic world. Policy of privatisation to large extent the development helps to increase job creation, trade competition and rational choice for consumer. Yet it features some challenges. As I illustrated in the beginning, trans-nationalisation of capital is kind of hegemonic capitalist system, this is more appropriate part of global political economy in capitalist production and finance. This reflects the rising domination of transnational cooperation (TNC) of having hegemonic actors (North part) in world economy. Roboson 2004 agrees that, there is evidence that a transnational class is gaining hegemony over local- and national-based capitalists including the spread of TNCs, increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), cross border mergers and acquisitions, transnational interlocked directorships, and strategic alliances. This situation changes stability of classes forces that has completed likely that attack on unions. For neoliberals structural Adjustments policies is appropriate and its implementation but in reality the application of Shock therapy implementation of SAP in Africa and other areas resulted in increase in economic shock and other abjection results Protozos 2004 agreed that over 15 years of IMF / World Bank management of Tanzanias economy saw its per capital GDP drop from $ 309 to $ 210 and rate of abject poverty jumped to 51 percent of the population. Moreover the Implementation of SAP are forced as condition for loans, hence the repayments of loans affects budget of the developing countries. In addition Protozons argue that SAP structural Adjustment Programme are imposed renegotiating debts, and on condition that the receipts country accepts privatisation, capital market liberalisation, market based pricing and reduction in subsidies for public services such as water, food and utilities. This has therefore resulted was disintegration of their economies and hence catastrophic for developing countries. Competiveness of trade is myth to increase sustainable of true competitiveness. Unfortunately, this major reason that leads to divergences and differences between North and South. Hirst 2009 agrees that, the emerging market economies might threaten the competitive position of the traditional developed countries of the North, which in countries is threatened by cheap goods and labour, the growth of South cheap goods and labour which one of aspects hinder trade competition. Indeed Curtis 2005 argues that in Pakistan increasing foreign competition in fisheries a sector is edging 300,000 local fisher folk out of market. This evaluate that private company distorted local market since local companies does not compete due to different obstacles. Private investment sector was usual to consequence in job formation. In reality restructuring has been accompanied with retrenchments. Stiglitz (2006) accepts that, privatisation policy failed to meet commitments to world economy to many development countries around the world when they liberalized so fast that the private sector did not have time to respond and create new jobs, or when interest rates were so high that the private sector could not affords to make the investments necessary to create new jobs. There fore unemployment rate increases in economic system. 4. Conclusion. In conclusion this paper argues on that globalisation and privatisation and trans-nationalisation in world economy. To a great degree, privatisation helps to facilitate and improves in different sectors management job opportunities socio and economic development growth in North side rather then South side. Above of the mentioned challenges / critics and other factors may cause that implementation of globalisation and tarns-nationalisation and privatisation be uneven. Moreover, the concept of globalisation exhibits affirmative forms of thought, including economic effectiveness, wellbeing and democracy. For neo-liberalism ideology of privatisation is away cut off hegemonic power between North and South which exist, yet the process seem failed to meet its commitments. Furthermore, the elementary strategy of neoliberal is focusing on rising freedom both political and economic aspects. The practice and performance of neoliberal ideology has been reliable every where in the world. Privatisation in developing countries is universal with the wide neoliberals strategy programme has failed to meet expectation. (Curtis 2005) accepts that, In South Africa, water privatisation has meant that half of million people were cut off non payment of their water bills during of their water bills during a three month period in 2001 out break of cholera has been also been reported as families resort to drawing water pollution rivers. In this regards, the policy move emerged in response to apparent failures in the public sector particular in Sub Sahara Africa. Finally, I have drawn the conclusion, why neoliberal thought of globalisation through free trade policy not working? And what can be done in order to make globalisation run for more people. In my view damaged by different factors, together with weak political obligation, underprivileged investor supply response and institutional challenges. However there is tendency of TNCs exercise several strategies to reduce their declared income in developing country including transfer pricing and be liable to move most of declared profits elsewhere of the host country. On top on that, developing countries should provide sufficient data for foreign investors; hence it helps more promoted achievement. In developing countries, privatisation can place substantial demands on an already stretched and destabilized public sector, both in terms of functioning and rule of the privatised enterprises. Therefore manufacturing sector productivity is smaller and low-income economies due, in part, to an amalgamation of hi-tech dependence What do poor countries require to perform to reap the utmost benefit from globalisation? For my view that, developed countries should to reduce boundaries against import of African products. Public Sectors including provision of water, education and health might be clearly excluded from privatisation. Poor countries have to have right of entry to substantial special action to look after their frail economies from foreign competition. Developed countries should implements the Article 66 of TRIPS2 agreement, which requires developed countries to make available incentives encouraging transfer of technology. In addition to that, industrial countries should implement well article 22, 23, and 24 Howard 2009 agrees that, article 22,23,24 allow government to protect good name of product from certain regions in their countries, this helps developing countries to have a property of use of trade mark and geographical protection for produce a specific commodities. Last but not least a major aspect for implementation of privatisation is political stability. Ajay 2001 argue that, Good governance and accountability and trustworthy and independency of national institutions is very crucial condition for growth. To summarise, state should play its role well, where market failure and international developments agencies try to equalized and avoided to implements globalisation and other policies by dominants of unilaterally or us hegemony.

The Key To Master Writing is to Write a Lot :: English Writing Teacher Student

â€Å"Write a lot.† Could this idea be the foundation of a sound writing pedagogy? It seems almost too simple. It also seems solidly in line with Peter Elbow’s ideas for the â€Å"teacherless class†and therefore, if we believe Berlin’s formulation from â€Å"Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class†, perhaps part of a pedagogic philosophy that can easily marginalize certain students or be â€Å"co-opted by the agencies of corporate capitalism† (697; in Cross-Talk). But I’m thinking more in terms of establishing writing for students as something that ought to be done in volume in order to build it as a habit. In my own experience as a student, this never happened. Nor did I hear about the social implications of writing or the power structures inherent in the classroom, ideas that might pique student interest in writing’s possibilities and demystify the classroom enough to make students want to write more. Now I think these elem ents could be the keys to better writing. Elbow opines, â€Å"If you are serious about wanting to improve your writing, the most useful thing you can do is keep a freewriting diary† (9). When I recently read Writing Without Teachers for the first time, the assertion that writing a lot is a good thing hit me as if it was completely new. And I think of myself as a writer! But some reflection showed me that my education, from grade school through college, had done very little to actually encourage me to write with any sort of regularity, or to revise what I did write. And so I produced little actual writing - just enough to get by. If this was the case for me, it may well have been the case for others. And if, regardless of our particular philosophical approach to instruction, we are in agreement as teachers of writing that we are trying to get students to write †better† (however we understand that), then shouldn’t establishing writing as a habit be a priority? It is unlikely that any teacher of writin g thinks that less, and not more, practice makes a better writer. How might we encourage regular writing for students? Are daily journal entries a good idea, as Elbow suggests? Anecdotal evidence from our class suggests that some teachers find journal writing effective, while others are convinced that assigning a ten-minute freewriting exercise really would tend to produce pages full of the sentence â€Å"I hate this assignment† repeated over and over. The Key To Master Writing is to Write a Lot :: English Writing Teacher Student â€Å"Write a lot.† Could this idea be the foundation of a sound writing pedagogy? It seems almost too simple. It also seems solidly in line with Peter Elbow’s ideas for the â€Å"teacherless class†and therefore, if we believe Berlin’s formulation from â€Å"Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class†, perhaps part of a pedagogic philosophy that can easily marginalize certain students or be â€Å"co-opted by the agencies of corporate capitalism† (697; in Cross-Talk). But I’m thinking more in terms of establishing writing for students as something that ought to be done in volume in order to build it as a habit. In my own experience as a student, this never happened. Nor did I hear about the social implications of writing or the power structures inherent in the classroom, ideas that might pique student interest in writing’s possibilities and demystify the classroom enough to make students want to write more. Now I think these elem ents could be the keys to better writing. Elbow opines, â€Å"If you are serious about wanting to improve your writing, the most useful thing you can do is keep a freewriting diary† (9). When I recently read Writing Without Teachers for the first time, the assertion that writing a lot is a good thing hit me as if it was completely new. And I think of myself as a writer! But some reflection showed me that my education, from grade school through college, had done very little to actually encourage me to write with any sort of regularity, or to revise what I did write. And so I produced little actual writing - just enough to get by. If this was the case for me, it may well have been the case for others. And if, regardless of our particular philosophical approach to instruction, we are in agreement as teachers of writing that we are trying to get students to write †better† (however we understand that), then shouldn’t establishing writing as a habit be a priority? It is unlikely that any teacher of writin g thinks that less, and not more, practice makes a better writer. How might we encourage regular writing for students? Are daily journal entries a good idea, as Elbow suggests? Anecdotal evidence from our class suggests that some teachers find journal writing effective, while others are convinced that assigning a ten-minute freewriting exercise really would tend to produce pages full of the sentence â€Å"I hate this assignment† repeated over and over.

Controversy Paper on United States Involvement in Global Affairs

Involvement of the United States in Global Affairs A major debate that is being discussed both domestically and internationally is the involvement of the United States of America in international affairs. This debate includes the practicality of where the United States has intervened in foreign affairs, its right to intervene in the first place considering past mistakes and questionable leadership, and whether or not that foreign involvement is in the general public’s best interest.Obviously, the two sides of the debate refer to the ‘yes’ position, explained by Ivan Eland (as in yes, the United States should limit it’s global involvement) and also the ‘no’ position, backed by President Barack Obama (as in no, the United States should not limit it’s foreign involvement). Eland’s basis for his argument is that the United States has habitually overspent it’s treasure and overextended it’s military power to a point where we cannot keep pace economically and which could bring upon the demise of the American government as we know it.He also points out that continued foreign endeavors increases the risk of the United States being a target for terrorist attack. Obama’s vision is that The United States of America needs to re-establish its place as a world leader by maintaining an active foreign policy. Obama admits that mistakes have been made where international affairs are concerned, but that is a reason to fix those mistakes and step up as a suitable leader once more. Discussed later in the paper is my own point of view, which supports President Barack Obama and his plan for active engagement in foreign affairs, in a conservative and confidant manner.In his position, Eland points out that both republican and democratic actors, as of now, support the use of military force and United State intervention in foreign affairs. This begs the question, who is on Eland’s side? His half of the deb ate offers advice to both the conservatives and the liberals who are currently apart of US involvement decision-making. While he upholds fair and good points, his arguments hold less sway due to his non-direct involvement.Eland’s first argument has a basis in the research of Christopher Coyne, a professor at West Virginia University. The bottom line of this research is that the Unites States attempts of bringing about democracy in countries where we have tried to intervene militarily has yielded low percent success rates. So it may be that it is time for America to change its tactics from a military to a more democratic approach. Another notion brought up by Eland is that it is in America’s best interest to unextend it’s military power.He points out that is unlikely for another hegemonic power to arise very quickly in the absence of our lessened military power, and also compares the overextending of the United States assets to when the Soviet Union overextended itself and it’s socialistic government collapsed. However, Eland also points out that economically, European countries and China are achieving much more than the US. Therefore, if America does not keep up its involvement globally, it is likely that one of those countries could succeed us as the new superpower, thus contradicting his earlier statement that there is unlikely to be a new hegemon anytime soon.It is also unfair to liken the demise of Russia to that of the United States, when the governmental systems are very different. President Barack Obama is in favor of upholding US involvement globally, and maintaining a leadership role. He plans to do this with 5 steps. First, by bringing troops home from Iraq but also leaving some to keep Al Queda and other terrorists at bay. However, the president doesn’t explain exactly how this will be accomplished more effectively since we are already supposedly fighting â€Å"The War on Terrorism† with all our best resourc es.The main point in Barack Obama’s debate is that the United States needs to stay active in the world to remain on top. To do that, new alliances must be built within NATO, but also keep up with the times and constantly revise our alliances and position within the global community. It is also clear that The United States of America has made mistakes in it’s leadership and economically, but overall, Obama’s plan is fairly clearly outlined in his debate, that mostly makes logistical sense. The first step outlined in order to regain influential leadership is changing the troops and approach in the war in Iraq.Second, to employ a 21st military that is powerful, bright and able. Third, to reinforce allies and stand by other in countries in attempt to keep the world’s deadliest weapons out of the worst hands. Fourth, to reduce carbon emissions, and lastly, to provide more foreign aid to countries who are lacking in basic needs and fair governments. As stated a bove, I believe that President Barack Obama’s side of the debate, supporting United States involvement globally, is the right path for America. I choose this because it isn’t just about the yes or no side of this debate.Obama successfully explains that continued involvement doesn’t mean America stomping on poorer countries and participating in unsuccessful expeditions in helping third world countries. US involvement in global affairs means leading the by way of example and will result in putting the interests and safety of American citizens first. Obama’s reasoning of this debate will hold the backing of American citizens. It gives a probable solution to our countries problems at hand. This policy is the best because the public can understand it and they can feel a stake in its success.Countering pro involvement is Eland’s isolationism position. I don’t believe it measures up because it ignores America’s ability to do well unto others , and it diminishes our ability to lead. America is one of the only countries able to use a quantifiable amount of money and military power for use of foreign aid. And unfortunately, a lot of counties need that. If America were to withdraw, many states would be worse for wear (Lieber). I also believe that America’s defining attribute is its leadership position.Withdrawing from international affairs would be to sacrifice that privilege. It is because that no other regional power has the economic power, political will, or military strength to match the United States that we have a great international influence. However, the European Union or China are certainly striving for that same international influence and will not hesitate to rise to it if the opportunity presents itself (Guest). Part of Obama’s outline to maintain world leadership is to build and maintain a 21st century military.He clarifies that recruiting the best and the brightest and rewarding the veterans who serve because they deserve it will be the foremost way to build a military power that is confident and skilled. A force likened to this will not only allow America’s staying power in the prime leadership spot, but also allow us to provision foreign aid. Eland does bring up an excellent point though, when he brings up that the US spends a great deal on it’s military compared to other countries. He points out that other countries are able to do better economically because they do not have such large ilitaries weighing their economies down. Nonetheless, sacrificing America’s military power is an unacceptable notion. All things considered, the United States should not limit its global involvement. It needs to maintain its leadership position in the world, not only for our own benefit but for other actors also. The procedures used by the United States to determine how it will become involved need to be always evolving and reconsidered to ensure the best possible out comes for our United States citizens, and also other citizens around the globe.The United States is very capable of accomplishing this if we lead by example and are always mindful of fellow countries and the repercussions, positive or negative, that our actions are able to preform. Citations Database Used: Academic Search Premier Lieber, Robert. â€Å"Examining America's Role in Global Affairs. † VOA. Voice of America, 31 Oct. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. Guest, Robert. â€Å"Examining America's Role in Global Affairs. † VOA. Voice of America, 31 Oct. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012.